The term crocins may also refer to members of a series of related hydrophilic carotenoids that are either monoglycosyl or diglycosyl polyene esters of crocetin.[2][3] The crocin underlying saffron’s aroma is α-crocin (a carotenoid pigment that may compose more than 10% of dry saffron’s mass): trans-crocetin di-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester; it bears the systematic (IUPAC) name 8,8-diapo-8,8-carotenoic acid. [2]
The major active component of saffron is the yellow pigment crocin 2 (three other derivatives with different glycosylations are known) containing a gentiobiose (disaccharide) group at each end of the molecule. The five major biologically active components of saffron, namely the four crocins and crocetin, can be measured with HPLC-UV.[4
Physiological effects on mammalian tissues and organisms
Crocin has been shown to be an antioxidant,[5][6] and neural protective agent.[7][8] The antioxidant behavior of crocin is related to the sugar moiety in crocin molecule which has a vital role in its chemical reactivity.[6] It has also been shown to have an antiproliferative action against cancer cells in vitro.[9][10][11] Limited evidence suggests possible antidepressant properties of crocin in mice[12] and humans.[13] One study reports aphrodisiac properties in male rats at very high doses.[14]
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